Fiche technique

Description biologique

Spécificité	GPD2 Antibody [G9G15] reconnaît les niveaux endogènes de la protéine GPD2 totale.
Contexte	GPD2 (glycérol-3-phosphate déshydrogénase mitochondriale) est une enzyme dépendante du flavine adénine dinucléotide (FAD) située sur la surface externe de la membrane mitochondriale interne, fonctionnant comme un composant clé de la navette du glycérol phosphate (GPS). Avec son homologue cytosolique GPD1, GPD2 facilite le transfert d'électrons du NADH vers la chaîne de transport d'électrons mitochondriale en convertissant le glycérol-3-phosphate (G3P) en dihydroxyacétone phosphate (DHAP) et en réduisant le FAD en FADH2, qui donne des électrons à la coenzyme Q. Le gène GPD2, situé sur le chromosome 2q24.1, code une protéine conservée de 727 acides aminés fortement exprimée dans les tissus métaboliquement actifs comme le tissu adipeux brun, le cerveau et les testicules, et est régulée par trois promoteurs (A, B et C). GPD2 est cruciale pour l'oxydation du glucose, la production d'ATP et l'acétylation des histones, influençant ainsi l'expression des gènes inflammatoires, la thermogenèse et le Metabolism énergétique médié par les hormones thyroïdiennes. Elle agit également principalement comme un facteur de promotion tumorale en soutenant les demandes métaboliques des cellules en prolifération.

Spécificité

GPD2 Antibody [G9G15] reconnaît les niveaux endogènes de la protéine GPD2 totale.

Contexte

GPD2 (glycérol-3-phosphate déshydrogénase mitochondriale) est une enzyme dépendante du flavine adénine dinucléotide (FAD) située sur la surface externe de la membrane mitochondriale interne, fonctionnant comme un composant clé de la navette du glycérol phosphate (GPS). Avec son homologue cytosolique GPD1, GPD2 facilite le transfert d'électrons du NADH vers la chaîne de transport d'électrons mitochondriale en convertissant le glycérol-3-phosphate (G3P) en dihydroxyacétone phosphate (DHAP) et en réduisant le FAD en FADH2, qui donne des électrons à la coenzyme Q. Le gène GPD2, situé sur le chromosome 2q24.1, code une protéine conservée de 727 acides aminés fortement exprimée dans les tissus métaboliquement actifs comme le tissu adipeux brun, le cerveau et les testicules, et est régulée par trois promoteurs (A, B et C). GPD2 est cruciale pour l'oxydation du glucose, la production d'ATP et l'acétylation des histones, influençant ainsi l'expression des gènes inflammatoires, la thermogenèse et le Metabolism énergétique médié par les hormones thyroïdiennes. Elle agit également principalement comme un facteur de promotion tumorale en soutenant les demandes métaboliques des cellules en prolifération.

Informations dutilisation

Application

WB, IP, FCM

Dilution

WB	IP	FCM
1:1000-1:10000	1:30-1:50	1:310

Réactivité

Human

Source

Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody

MW

81 kDa

Tampon de stockage

PBS, pH 7.2+50% Glycerol+0.05% BSA+0.01% NaN₃

Stockage
(À partir de la date de réception)

-20°C (avoid freeze-thaw cycles), 2 years

Méthodes expérimentales
WB	Experimental Protocol: Sample preparation 1. Tissue: Lyse the tissue sample by adding an appropriate volume of ice-cold RIPA Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail)，and homogenize the tissue at a low temperature. 2. Adherent cell: Aspirate the culture medium and wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice. Lyse the cells by adding an appropriate volume of RIPA Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail) and put the sample on ice for 5 min. 3. Suspension cell: Transfer the culture medium to a pre-cooled centrifuge tube. Centrifuge and aspirate the supernatant. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice. Lyse the cells by adding an appropriate volume of RIPA Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail) and put the sample on ice for 5 min. 4. Place the lysate into a pre-cooled microcentrifuge tube. Centrifuge at 4°C for 15 min. Collect the supernatant; 5. Remove a small volume of lysate to determine the protein concentration; 6. Combine the lysate with protein loading buffer. Boil 20 µL sample under 95-100°C for 5 min. Centrifuge for 5 min after cool down on ice. Electrophoretic separation 1. According to the concentration of extracted protein, load appropriate amount of protein sample and marker onto SDS-PAGE gels for electrophoresis. Recommended separating gel (lower gel) concentration: 10%. Reference Table for Selecting SDS-PAGE Separation Gel Concentrations 2. Power up 80V for 30 minutes. Then the power supply is adjusted (110 V~150 V), the Marker is observed, and the electrophoresis can be stopped when the indicator band of the predyed protein Marker where the protein is located is properly separated. (Note that the current should not be too large when electrophoresis, too large current (more than 150 mA) will cause the temperature to rise, affecting the result of running glue. If high currents cannot be avoided, an ice bath can be used to cool the bath.) Transfer membrane 1. Take out the converter, soak the clip and consumables in the pre-cooled converter; 2. Activate PVDF membrane with methanol for 1 min and rinse with transfer buffer; 3. Install it in the order of "black edge of clip - sponge - filter paper - filter paper - glue -PVDF membrane - filter paper - filter paper - sponge - white edge of clip"; 4. The protein was electrotransferred to PVDF membrane. ( 0.45 µm PVDF membrane is recommended ) Reference Table for Selecting PVDF Membrane Pore Size Specifications Recommended conditions for wet transfer: 200 mA, 120 min. ( Note that the transfer conditions can be adjusted according to the protein size. For high-molecular-weight proteins, a higher current and longer transfer time are recommended. However, ensure that the transfer tank remains at a low temperature to prevent gel melting.) Block 1. After electrotransfer, wash the film with TBST at room temperature for 5 minutes; 2. Incubate the film in the blocking solution for 1 hour at room temperature; 3. Wash the film with TBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time. Antibody incubation 1. Use 5% skim milk powder to prepare the primary antibody working liquid (recommended dilution ratio for primary antibody 1:1000), gently shake and incubate with the film at 4°C overnight; 2. Wash the film with TBST 3 times, 5 minutes each time; 3. Add the secondary antibody to the blocking solution and incubate with the film gently at room temperature for 1 hour; 4. After incubation, wash the film with TBST 3 times for 5 minutes each time. Antibody staining 1. Add the prepared ECL luminescent substrate (or select other color developing substrate according to the second antibody) and mix evenly; 2. Incubate with the film for 1 minute, remove excess substrate (keep the film moist), wrap with plastic film, and expose in the imaging system.

Méthodes expérimentales

WB

Experimental Protocol:

Sample preparation

1. Tissue: Lyse the tissue sample by adding an appropriate volume of ice-cold RIPA Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail)，and homogenize the tissue at a low temperature.

2. Adherent cell: Aspirate the culture medium and wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice. Lyse the cells by adding an appropriate volume of RIPA Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail) and put the sample on ice for 5 min.

3. Suspension cell: Transfer the culture medium to a pre-cooled centrifuge tube. Centrifuge and aspirate the supernatant. Wash the cells with ice-cold PBS twice. Lyse the cells by adding an appropriate volume of RIPA Lysis Buffer (containing Protease Inhibitor Cocktail) and put the sample on ice for 5 min.

4. Place the lysate into a pre-cooled microcentrifuge tube. Centrifuge at 4°C for 15 min. Collect the supernatant;

5. Remove a small volume of lysate to determine the protein concentration;

6. Combine the lysate with protein loading buffer. Boil 20 µL sample under 95-100°C for 5 min. Centrifuge for 5 min after cool down on ice.

Electrophoretic separation

1. According to the concentration of extracted protein, load appropriate amount of protein sample and marker onto SDS-PAGE gels for electrophoresis. Recommended separating gel (lower gel) concentration: 10%. Reference Table for Selecting SDS-PAGE Separation Gel Concentrations

2. Power up 80V for 30 minutes. Then the power supply is adjusted (110 V~150 V), the Marker is observed, and the electrophoresis can be stopped when the indicator band of the predyed protein Marker where the protein is located is properly separated. (Note that the current should not be too large when electrophoresis, too large current (more than 150 mA) will cause the temperature to rise, affecting the result of running glue. If high currents cannot be avoided, an ice bath can be used to cool the bath.)

Transfer membrane

1. Take out the converter, soak the clip and consumables in the pre-cooled converter;

2. Activate PVDF membrane with methanol for 1 min and rinse with transfer buffer;

3. Install it in the order of "black edge of clip - sponge - filter paper - filter paper - glue -PVDF membrane - filter paper - filter paper - sponge - white edge of clip";

4. The protein was electrotransferred to PVDF membrane. ( 0.45 µm PVDF membrane is recommended ) Reference Table for Selecting PVDF Membrane Pore Size Specifications

Recommended conditions for wet transfer: 200 mA, 120 min.

( Note that the transfer conditions can be adjusted according to the protein size. For high-molecular-weight proteins, a higher current and longer transfer time are recommended. However, ensure that the transfer tank remains at a low temperature to prevent gel melting.)

Block

1. After electrotransfer, wash the film with TBST at room temperature for 5 minutes;

2. Incubate the film in the blocking solution for 1 hour at room temperature;

3. Wash the film with TBST for 3 times, 5 minutes each time.

Antibody incubation

1. Use 5% skim milk powder to prepare the primary antibody working liquid (recommended dilution ratio for primary antibody 1:1000), gently shake and incubate with the film at 4°C overnight;

2. Wash the film with TBST 3 times, 5 minutes each time;

3. Add the secondary antibody to the blocking solution and incubate with the film gently at room temperature for 1 hour;

4. After incubation, wash the film with TBST 3 times for 5 minutes each time.

Antibody staining

1. Add the prepared ECL luminescent substrate (or select other color developing substrate according to the second antibody) and mix evenly;

2. Incubate with the film for 1 minute, remove excess substrate (keep the film moist), wrap with plastic film, and expose in the imaging system.

Références

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31384058/
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38689091/

Données dapplication

WB

Validé par Selleck

Lane 1: HeLa, Lane 2: MCF-7, Lane 3: NIH:OVCAR-3, Lane 4: U87-MG